istoryworld
Events relating to europe
A Rugby schoolboy, William Webb Ellis, picks up the football and runs with it in rugby union's founding myth
With the help of an army from France, the Spanish king Ferdinand VII is freed from confinement and restored to his throne
Bolívar arrives in Lima to be granted command of the army and dictatorial powers in the republic of Peru
US president James Monroe warns European nations against interfering in America, in the policy which becomes known as the Monroe Doctrine
The Portuguese prince Dom Miguel briefly topples his father, John VI, from the throne
The Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800, outlawing trade unions in Britain, are repealed
Lord Byron dies of a fever in Greece, in Missolonghi, at the age of thirty-six
Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini moves to Paris, where he becomes director of the Théatre Italien
The reactionary Charles X succeeds to the throne of France on the death of his brother Louis XVIII
After the surrender of the Spanish army to Antonio José de Sucre at Ayacucho, Peru is finally liberated
12-year-old Charles Dickens works in London in Warren's boot-blacking factory
With a victory at Tumusla Antonio José de Sucre liberates Upper Peru (the future Bolivia), the last Spanish stronghold in continental America
Italian author Alessandro Manzoni begins publication (completed 1827) of his novel I Promessi Sposi ('The Betrothed')
The elderly Francisco de Goya becomes the first great artist to attempt lithography
Active (later called Locomotion) is the engine on the first passenger railway, between Stockton and Darlington
A December uprising in St Petersburg ends when troops fire on the crowd, but the 'Decembrists' become revolutionary martyrs
Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, inherits the throne of Portugal (as Pedro IV) but continues to rule from Brazil
Bolívar attempts to create a pan-American gathering in the Congress of Panama
Scottish engineer Thomas Telford completes two suspension bridges in Wales, at Conwy and over the Menai Strait
The Turkish governor of Algiers, flicking at the French consul with his fly whisk, finds that he has provoked a French blockade and eventually invasion
Britain, France and Russia, supporting Greek independence, defeat the Turkish and Egyptian fleets at Navarino
English artist Samuel Palmer moves to Shoreham, in Kent, for the most inspired years of his career
The Duke of Wellington becomes British prime minister, heading the Tory government at a time when reform is urgently needed
Dom Miguel swears allegiance to his brother, the Portuguese king Pedro IV, and becomes regent
Dom Miguel betrays his allegiance to his brother Pedro IV and usurps the Portuguese throne in a bloodless coup
