istoryworld
Events relating to europe
Napoleon slips away from Elba with a fleet of small vessels and lands on the coast of France
Napoleon reaches Paris, already accompanied by an enthusiastic regiment that has joined him on his journey north
Scottish engineer John McAdam builds the first macadamized road, in the Bristol region of southwest England
The English and Prussian generals Wellington and Blücher defeat Napoleon in a closely fought battle at Waterloo
The first news of the victory at Waterloo is given to the British government by a private citizen, Nathan Mayer Rothschild
The rulers of Russia, Prussia and Austria form a Holy Alliance to preserve their concept of a Christian Europe
Napoleon, held on a British warship off Torquay and hoping now to live in Britain, becomes an instant tourist attraction
Poland becomes a kingdom of very limited independence, since the Russian tsar Alexander I is to be its king
The congress of Vienna leaves the Cape of Good Hope in British hands
The Spanish suppress the independence movement in Mexico with the capture and execution of its leader, Jose Maria Morelos
The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica
Wellington is presented with a twice-life-size nude marble statue, by Canova, of his vanquished enemy Napoleon
English architect John Nash designs the exotic Royal Pavilion in Brighton for the Prince Regent
Jacques-Louis David, unmistakably identified as Napoleon's painter, is banished from France after the fall of the emperor and moves to Brussels
Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville has its premiere in Rome
René Laënnec, reluctant to press his ear to the chest of a young female patient, finds a solution in the stethoscope
The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king
The British establish Bathurst (now Banjul) at the mouth of the Gambia as a base against the slave trade
San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago
O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post
Bolívar returns to Venezuela and builds up an army of liberation in a remote region up the Orinoco
Bernardo O'Higgins introduces liberal reforms in Chile, reducing the privileges of aristocracy and church
On the death of Princess Charlotte, not one of seven princes has an heir to succeed to the British throne in the next generation
Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes probably his best-known poem, the sonnet Ozymandias
Thomas Cochrane arrives in Valparaiso to take command of the Chilean navy
