istoryworld
Events relating to evolution
Napoleon marches against Vienna and is only two days from the city when the emperor requests an armistice
In Venice Napoleon deposes the last of the doges and sets up a provisional democracy
On 18 Fructidor (September 4) Napoleon organizes, from a distance, a coup d'étât in Paris on behalf of three of the Directors
Napoleon achieves the peace of Campo Formio, by which Austria cedes the Austrian Netherlands and northern Italy to France
By the Treaty of Campo Formio the free republic of Venice, created by Napoleon, is handed over to Austrian rule
Napoleon, with distinguished scientists in his fleet, sails to invade Egypt
Napoleon's campaign in Egypt begins well with the Battle of the Pyramids, a victory over an Egyptian army
The US public is outraged by news of the XYZ Affair, in which the French ask for bribes before being willing to negotiate a treaty
Irish nationalist Wolfe Tone, convicted of treason for his failed invasion, cuts his throat to cheat the British gallows
Disaster strikes the French in Egypt when Nelson finds their fleet in Aboukir Bay and destroys it in the Battle of the Nile
Napoleon, in Syria, orders 3000 captured defenders of Jaffa to be killed by bayonet or drowning to save ammunition
Napoleon abandons his army in Egypt and returns hastily to Paris at a time of great political opportunity
Napoleon contrives a military coup that ends the Directory and gives him sweeping powers as First Consul
Napoleon takes a French army through the Alps before the snows have cleared, and defeats the Austrians at Marengo
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck gives a lecture describing in outline his theory of evolution, based on the transmutation of species and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Horatio Nelson puts his telescope to his blind eye when the signal is given to withdraw from Copenhagen harbour
The treaty agreed at Amiens between France and Britain brings a welcome lull after ten years of warfare in Europe
The Constitution of the Year XII (the twelfth year of the French Revolutionary Calendar) makes Napoleon First Consul for life
The Carbonari, an Italian group of revolutionaries, make their first appearance in Naples in opposition to French rule
French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck argues in Zoological Philosophy that creatures can inherit acquired characteristics
Simon Bolívar publishes the Manisfesto de Cartagena, calling on the citizens of New Granada to unite and expel the Spaniards
A second liberal revolution in Spain ends with Ferdinand VII a prisoner of the Cortes in Cadiz
The Spy, a romance set in the American Revolution, establishes the reputation of US author James Fenimore Cooper
A December uprising in St Petersburg ends when troops fire on the crowd, but the 'Decembrists' become revolutionary martyrs
A revolution erupts in Paris in July and sweeps Charles X from the throne
