Events relating to civilization
Ruling respectively from Cuzco and Quito, Huáscar and Atahualpa compete for the empire of their father, Huayna Capac
The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America
Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru
Atahualpa defeats and kills his half-brother Huáscar, thus winning control of the entire Inca empire
Francisco Pizarro leads 168 men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire
Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive
Atahualpa agrees to buy his freedom from the Spaniards with a room full of gold and another of silver
Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian
The Spanish conquistadors capture and sack the Inca capital of Cuzco, high in the Andes
Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year
With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru
The Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China, and becomes the first western student of Chinese civilization
Chinoiserie becomes the new craze in Europe, after Jesuit reports of the Chinese civilization
George Washington selects the Cherokee Indians for an experiment in adaptation to 'civilization'
The first traces are found of a major but entirely forgotten civilization in the Indus valley