Events relating to asia

Shah Abbas builds up Isfahan as a spectacular new capital of the Persian empire

The warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu is awarded the title of shogun, beginning nearly three centuries of the Tokugawa shogunate

The British East India establishes a 'factory' (a secure warehouse for the storing of Indian goods) at Surat, on the west coast

An edict is passed expelling Jesuit missionaries from Japan, and ordering their converts to revert to Buddhism

Sir Thomas Roe, the first British ambassador to India, arrives at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir

The Mughal school of painting reaches a peak of perfection in the reign of Jahangir

Jan Pieterszoon Coen destroys the town of Jakarta, on the coast of Java, and rebuilds it as a Dutch trading centre under the name Batavia

The Japanese are forbidden to leave their country, or foreigners to enter, at the start of more than two centuries of almost total isolation

The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas)

Shah Jahan orders that all recently built Hindu temples shall be destroyed, ending the Mughal tradition of religious tolerance

The Mongols depose the ruling dynasty of Tibet and offer the country to the Dalai Lama, to be ruled by him with Mongol military support

The last Ming emperor hangs himself, and China acquires a new and final dynasty - the Qing

A young Hindu prince, Shivaji, captures Bijapur in a campaign against Muslim rulers, enabling him to establish the large and long-lasting Maratha empire

The Russian empire, expanding eastwards through Siberia, reaches the Pacific coast

The pleasure districts of Edo and Kyoto provide the delights of ukiyo-e, the 'floating world'

Hindu princes and brahmin priests withdraw from Java to Bali, turning the island into the last outpost of Hinduism in southeast Asia

Japan's popular theatre, kabuki, develops as a form of café entertainment

To protect their market, the Dutch destroy all clove trees in the Moluccas except on two islands, Amboina and Ternate

The Dalai Lama declares that his teacher is also an incarnation of a future Buddha, and that he is to be known as Panchen

After a six-month siege, the Dutch capture Colombo from the Portuguese in Sri Lanka

For the final years of his life the emperor Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort

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