istoryworld
Events relating to asia
The samurai provide military support for the shogun, in a system similar to feudalism at this same period in Europe
Bushido, the code of the samurai, emphasizes the necessary qualities of respect, decorum, courage and martial skill
The Chinese develop a feature of great significance in the history of seafaring - a sternpost rudder which is an integral part of the ship
The Byzantine empire continues, in much reduced form, with a new capital at Nicaea
Temujin, elected chief of all the Mongol tribes, takes the name Genghis Khan
The leader of a Turkish army establishes an independent sultanate in Delhi, beginning many centuries of Muslim rule in north India
Within a span of less than ten years, from 1215, Genghis Khan and the Mongols plunder from China to eastern Europe
Frederick II, leader of the sixth crusade, briefly recovers Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiating with the Muslims
Ogadai, son of Genghis Khan, turns his father's headquarters at Karakorum into a capital city
The Mongols conquer the Korean peninsula, subsequently using it as a base for two expeditions against Japan
Batu Khan and his Mongols sweep into Russia, where they and their descendants become known as the Golden Horde
A Japanese potter, returning from China, makes Seto the centre of ceramic production in Japan
A huge bronze sculpture, known as Daibutsu and cast in Kamakura, depicts Amida, the Amitabha Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism
Hulagu and his horde of Mongols cross the Amu Darya river and move against Muslim Persia
The Persian poet Sa'di publishes his Bustan ('Orchard'), a collection of moral tales in verse
When Hulagu and his Mongol army reach Baghdad, in 1258, it is said that 800,000 of the inhabitants are killed - and the caliph is kicked to death
At Ayn Jalut, near Nazareth, the Egyptian Mamelukes defeat the Mongol army of Hulagu - the first military setback for the Mongols
Kublai defeats his brother Ariq Böge and thus establishes his position as Great Khan of the Mongols
Hulagu and his Mongol descendants rule Persia as Il-khans, subordinate to the great khan in the east
The Assassins are systematically destroyed by Baybars, the Mameluke sultan of Egypt
The Mongol leader Kublai Khan chooses a name for his new dynasty in China, calling it Ta Yuan ('Great Origin')
The Mongol invasion of Japan in 1274 seems to confirm the doom and disaster foretold by the Buddhist prophet Nichiren
Mongol control over the entire breadth of Asia introduces a stability often called the Pax Mongolica, echoing the Pax Romana
Marco Polo is presented to Kublai Khan in Xanadu, and according to his own account makes a very good impression
The Mamelukes control Palestine and Syria, bringing the region securely back into Muslim hands
