Events relating to belgium

Rubens returns from Italy to Antwerp, where he soon establishes Europe's most successful and prolific studio

A shipload of Puritans, among them some of the future Pilgrim Fathers, sail from Boston in Lincolnshire to seek religious freedom in Holland

The 19-year-old Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck is employed by Rubens in Antwerp as his chief assistant

Holland and England are now producing the magnificent ocean-going merchant vessels known as East Indiamen

Jacques-Louis David, unmistakably identified as Napoleon's painter, is banished from France after the fall of the emperor and moves to Brussels

Verlaine is sentenced to two years in prison, at Mons in Belgium, after shooting and wounding Rimbaud in a drunken rage in Brussels

The Australian soprano Nellie Melba makes her operatic debut as Gilda in Rigoletto in Brussels

Belgian racing driver Camille Jenatzy is the first to drive faster than a mile a minute, reaching 65 mph in an electric car at Achères in France

Belgian physiologists Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou identify Bacillus pertussis, the bacterium causing whooping cough

Austrian artist Gustav Klimt completes his designs for mosaics in the Palais Stoclet in Brussels

The British Expeditionary Force fights a rearguard action to escape encirclement by the Germans at Mons

from September - the German and French armies, attempting to outflank each other, engage in a race to the sea

from October - there are heavy casualties on both sides, and a small advantage to the Allies, in the fighting round Ypres during the 'race to the sea'

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