istoryworld
All Events
Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee defeat a Union army in the second battle of Bull Run or Manassas
The Federal victory at Antietam comes at a cost of more than 22,000 casualties in a single day
Lincoln declares in his Emancipation Proclamation that all slaves in any state opposing the Union government 'are and henceforward shall be free'
Dostoevsky publishes Notes from the House of the Dead, a semi-autobiographical novel about life in a Siberian labour camp
Unpublished American poet Emily Dickinson writes more than 300 poems within the year
The bones of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills are brought back to Melbourne after the heroic failure of their attempt to cross Australia
George Eliot, now prosperous, moves with G.H. Lewes into the Priory, a splendid house near Regent's Park
It is discovered in the US that wood pulp can be used to make paper, and the Boston Weekly Journal is the first to use the new substance
British officer Charles Gordon leads untrained auxiliaries against the Taiping rebels in China, becoming known as Chinese Gordon
Samuel Clemens uses the pseudonym Mark Twain for the first time on an article in Virginia City's Territorial Enterprise
British architect George Gilbert Scott designs a memorial for Prince Albert in Kensington Gardens
Mobs of women destroy shops in Richmond, Virginia, in protest at food prices inflated by the war
The French capture Mexico City and President Juarez flees to the north
The three-day Battle of Gettysburg, inconclusive but more damaging to the Confederates, brings casualties on both sides of more than 50,000
After a six-week siege the city of Vicksburg surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant, bringing the entire Mississippi under Union control
Four days of riots in New York greet Lincoln's new conscription or draft laws, with exemptions for the rich
After more than a century of growing citrus fruits and other plants, the Orangery is turned into a museum.
France establishes a protectorate over Cambodia
English author Charles Kingsley publishes an improving fantasy for young children, The Water-Babies
Henri Dunant and others establish the Red Cross in Geneva, as a direct result of the battlefield casualties Dunant has witnessed at Solferino in 1859
The Seventh-day Adventists become an organized church, with a first General Conference in Battle Creek, Michigan
St Mary's hospital opens in Rochester, Minnesota, soon to be known as the Mayo Clinic from the three Drs Mayo who run it
President Lincoln, in honouring the Union dead at Gettysburg, captures in three minutes the essence of American democracy
The Metropolitan Railway, the world's first to go underground, opens in London using steam trains between Paddington and Farringdon Street
48-year-old Julia Margaret Cameron is given a camera by her daughter, in the Isle of Wight, and decides to concentrate on portraits
