All Events

Henry David Thoreau moves into a hut that he has built for himself in the woods at Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts

The expansionist slogan 'Manifest Destiny' is coined by journalist John L. O'Sullivan to emphasize the right of the USA to extend west to the Pacific

With his emphasis on the subjective experience of human Existenz, the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard plants the seed of existentialism

US author Margaret Fuller publishes Woman in the Nineteenth Century, an early and thoughtful feminist study of women's place in society

The first Anglo-Sikh war breaks out between Sikh forces in the Punjab and encroaching forces of Britain's East India Company

Under Sir William Hooker (director 1845--65) and his son Sir Joseph Hooker (director 1865--85) the botanic gardens are greatly increased in size, prestige and scientific excellence.

Friedrich Engels, after running a textile factory in Manchester, publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert follow the German custom of a family Christmas tree, immediately making it popular in Britain

The first Anglo-Sikh war ends with the Treaty of Lahore, by which Jammu and Kashmir are ceded to the British

The self-contained metal cartridge, with a percussion cap in its base, is patented by a Paris gunsmith named Houiller

Work begins on a station at Barnes, which is now the only survivor of the five original stations on the new railway line from Nine Elms to Richmond

British prime minister Robert Peel carries a bill to repeal the Corn Laws, splitting his own party in the process

Francis Parkman travels west into dangerous territory in Wyoming, an adventure he later describes in The Oregon Trail

The Irish, fleeing from the potato famine at home, become the main group of immigrants to the USA

The Oregon Treaty establishes the border between Canada and the USA along the 49th parallel to the Pacific

Mary Anne Evans' translation from the German of David Friedrich Strauss's controversial Life of Jesus is published anonymously

Pugin completes his most spectacularly decorated church, that of St Giles in Cheadle, Staffordshire

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