istoryworld
Events relating to europe
Jews in Warsaw resist a fierce German onslaught for a month before their ghetto is finally destroyed
The Allied destruction of U-boats climbs to its highest level in the Battle of the Atlantic, with 56 sunk in two months
The victory of the Allies in north Africa brings to an end the three-year siege of Malta
British and American troops land in Sicily to begin the Italian campaign
Hitler's attempt to take Kursk (in response to Stalingrad) results in the German loss of 70,000 men and 1500 tanks
The king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, has Mussolini arrested and appoints in his place a field marshal, Pietro Badoglio
Italians signs a secret armistice with the Allies, as Allied troops land in Sicily
British general Harold Alexander is appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied forces in the Italian campaign
On Hitler's orders, the SS rescue Mussolini from house arrest in the mountains of central Italy
All German and Italian troops are by now driven out of Sicily or captured by the Allies
A strong Allied force lands at Salerno, south of Naples
Italy, abandoning her Axis partners, surrenders unconditionally to the Allies
A premature uprising against the Germans in Naples results in a massacre of the inhabitants
British admiral Louis Mountbatten is appointed to head the new Southeast Asia Command, with his headquarters in Delhi
The Allies move north from Salerno and capture Naples
Italy changes sides and declares war on her recent ally, Germany
The Germans halt the Allied advance along the Gustav Line, which includes Monte Cassino
Mussolini becomes Hitler's puppet ruler of a new Fascist republic in north Italy
Carl ('Tooey') Spaatz is appointed to command the US Strategic Air Forces in Europe
Colossus Mark I, the world's first computer, goes into decoding service at Bletchley Park in Britain
Harold Macmillan negotiates with the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III, about transition arrangements after Italy's change of side
Churchill extends Harold Macmillan's responsibilities to include developments in Greece and the Balkans
Commissioned by a church in Northampton to sculpt a Madonna and Child, British sculptor Henry Moore produces the first of his family groups
The monastery and town of Monte Cassino are left in ruins after the Allies finally break through the German defences
The separate poems forming T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets are brought together for the first time as a single volume, published in New York
