All Events

Napoleon sends an ill-judged message to royalist opponents when he orders the seizure and execution of the young duke of Enghien

The independence of Haiti from France is proclaimed by a new black ruler calling himself the emperor Jacques I

Richard Trevithick runs the first locomotive on rails, pulling heavy weights a distance of 9 miiles (15 km) near Merthyr Tydfil in Wales

Beethoven changes the dedication of his third symphony on hearing that his hero, Napoleon, has made himself an emperor

Alexander Hamilton is fatally wounded by a bullet to the head in a duel with his political adversary Aaron Burr

It is estimated that in approximately 1804 the population of the world reached one billion

The first barge is pulled by a horse along Thomas Telford's cast-iron canal aqueduct, high in the air at Pont Cysyllte

The first version of Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, is performed in Vienna under the title Leonore

Francis II formally brings to an end the 1000-year-old Holy Roman Empire, to keep it from the clutches of Napoleon

Napoleon announces that Holland is to be a kingdom, with his 28-year-old brother Louis Bonaparte on the throne

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