Events relating to europe

Stalin devises the structure for a new federal state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

The Irish Free State takes stringent measures against rebel terrorism, making possession even of a pistol a capital offence

After Michael Collins is killed in an ambush, William Cosgrave and Kevin O'Higgins emerge as leaders of the Irish Free State

The League of Nations gives France and Britain mandates to govern separate areas of the German colony of Cameroon

France and Britain are given a League of Nations mandate to govern separate areas of the German colony of Togoland

Mussolini gives orders for armed squads to congregate around Rome, in preparation for a march to seize power in the capital

The Italian king Victor Emmanuel III, alarmed at the prospect of a Fascist march on Rome, asks Mussolini to form a government

A triumphant Mussolini arrives in Rome on the overnight train from Milan to take up his appointment as prime minister

Columns of blackshirts, brought into Rome for the day, parade before Mussolini and the king

The nationalist government in Turkey abolishes the sultanate and the last Ottoman emperor, Mehmed VI, goes into exile

Erskine Childers is sent before a firing squad in the Irish Free State for possession of a revolver

With the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the 26 counties of southern Ireland formally become the Irish Free State

At a congress in Moscow four soviet republics (Russia, Belarus, the Ukraine and the Transcaucasian Republic) agree to unite

With Mussolini already installed as Il Duce, his party wins 65% of the votes in a general election

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