istoryworld
Events relating to europe
After years of delay James Joyce's Dubliners, a collection of short stories, is published
British golfer Harry Vardon wins his sixth Open, a record still unbroken
American-born poet Thomas Stearns Eliot crosses the Atlantic to England, making it his home for the rest of his life
Marcel Duchamp exhibits his first pure 'readymade', a bottle rack bought in a department store and displayed without alteration
The Times Literary Supplement is published in London as an independent paper, separate from The Times
Vaughan Williams' London Symphony, including picturesque sounds of the city's street life, is first performed
The Russian painter and sculptor Vladimir Tatlin develops an abstract style to which he gives the name Constructivism
Giacomo della Chiesa is elected pope and takes the name Benedict XV
A Home Rule Act is finally passed for Ireland, with its implementation postponed until after the war
Jacob Epstein completes his sculpture The Rock Drill, the outstanding work of the Vorticist movement
Tsar Nicholas II changes the name of his capital city to Petrograd, because St Petersburg sounds German
Benito Mussolini, advocating Italian entry into the war on the side of the Allies, is expelled from the Socialist party
Stanley Spencer joins the Royal Army Medical Corps, with whom he finds a wealth of subject matter
Benito Mussolini founds a newspaper, Il Popolo d'Italia' ('The People of Italy'), to argue the case for Italy joining the war
Robert Tressell's Ragged Trousered Philanthropists is published posthumously in an abbreviated version
Ivor Novello has a great success with his topical song Keep the Home Fires Burning (with lyrics by Lena Ford)
The British government changes the status of Egypt from a Turkish province to a British protectorate
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, is assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip
Erskine Childers sails his own yacht from Germany to Ireland with 900 rifles and 14,000 rounds of ammunition for the Irish Volunteers
The Austrian attack on Serbia causes Russia to mobilize her army
In response to the tsar's mobilization of his troops, Germany declares war on Russia
German troops move into Luxembourg and demand passage through neutral Belgium
With her troops already poised to attack, Germany declares war on France
Italy declares neutrality amid the rush of other major European powers into war
German troops invade Belgium, violating her guaranteed neutrality
