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| 1764 |
| | | The Russian empress Catherine the Great secures the throne of Poland for one of her lovers, as Stanislaw II | |
|  | Portrait of Stanislaw II, c.1780
Dulwich Picture Gallery
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| 1764 |
| | | James Watt ponders on the inefficiency of contemporary steam engines and invents the condenser | |
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| 1764 |
| | | Catherine the Great founds the Hermitage as a court museum attached to the Winter Palace in St Petersburg | |
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| 1764 |
| | | Britain passes the Sugar Act, levying duty on sugar, wine and textiles imported into America | |
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| 1764 |
| | | Joseph Haydn's first published work is six string quartets, a form which he subsequently makes very much his own | |
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| 1764 |
| | | Lancashire spinner James Hargreaves conceives the idea of the spinning jenny, with multiple spindles worked from a single wheel | |
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| 1764 |
| | | English historian Edward Gibbon, sitting among ruins in Rome, conceives the idea of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire | |
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| 1764 |
| | | English author Horace Walpole provides an early taste of Gothic thrills in his novel Castle of Otranto | |
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| 1765 |
| | | Britain passes the Stamp Act, taxing legal documents and newspapers in the American colonies | |
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| 1765 |
| | | The first mention of brewing in Mortlake describes two small adjacent breweries, in separate ownership, occupying between them about two acres | |
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