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| 1858 |
| | | Napoleon III and Cavour hatch a secret plan at Plombièes to tempt Austria into war in north Italy, and agree how to divide up the spoils | |
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| 1858 |
| | | Hector Berlioz completes his 4-hour opera The Trojans (not performed as a complete work until 1890) | |
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| 1859 |
| | | A French and Piedmontese army liberates Milan from Austrian rule | |
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| 1859 |
| | | The opera Faust, by French composer Charles Gounod, has its premiere in Paris | |
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| 1859 |
| | | French and Piedmontese forces defeat the Austrians decisively at Solferino, in a battle involving appalling casualties | |
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| 1859 |
| | | French author Stendhal publishes his novel La Chartreuse de Parme ('The Charterhouse of Parma') | |
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| 1860 |
| | | The treaty of Turin brings much of north Italy under the control of Cavour (for the kingdom of Sardinia), who in return cedes Savoy and Nice to France | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Louis Pasteur uses heat to destroy the micro-organisms in liquid food, in the process that becomes known as pasteurization | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Victor Hugo publishes his novel Les Misérables, an immensely complex story about the adventures of ex-convict Jean Valjean | |
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| 1862 |
| | | The future Cassel Hospital estate, now with a single mansion, is leased for nine years to HRH Robert Philippe, Duc de Chartres, exiled from France along with his grandfather, King Louis Philippe | |
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