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| c. 700 |
| | | Turkish tribes, northern neighbours of the Muslims in central Asia, begin to adopt Islam as their religion | |
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| c. 700 |
| | | The earliest two Turkish states are the confederation of Gök Türk and the empire of the Khazars | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | The caliphs in Baghdad begin to employ Turkish slaves, or Mamelukes, in their armies | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | Turks from Ghazni, raiding into northwest India, renew the pressure of Islam on the subcontinent | |
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| 1040 |
| | | The Seljuk Turks win a victory at Dandanqan, which gives them a base in the north of Iran and Afghanistan | |
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| c. 1071 |
| | | The campaigns of Alp Arslan, culminating in 1071, give the Seljuk Turks a lasting presence in Anatolia | |
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| 1071 |
| | | The Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines meet in battle at Manzikert, with victory going to the Turks | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Konya, in central Turkey, becomes the capital of the Seljuk Turks, who call themselves sultans of Rum | |
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| 1211 |
| | | The leader of a Turkish army establishes an independent sultanate in Delhi, beginning many centuries of Muslim rule in north India | |
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| c. 1285 |
| | | Osman inherits the leadership of the tribal group later known by a version of his name, as the Ottoman Turks | |
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