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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | The Slavs settle in the regions of eastern Europe and western Russia | |
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| 963 |
| | | The Poles are first recorded as a tribal group when a German knight comes into contact with them in the region round Gniezno | |
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| 965 |
| | | Mieszko, pagan chieftain of the Poles, marries a Christian Czech princess and brings all his people into the Roman Catholic fold | |
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| 1241 |
| | | Mongols of the Golden Horde defeat the Poles at Legnica and ravage the city of Cracow | |
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| 1308 |
| | | The Teutonic knights seize the coastal area round Gdansk, cutting off Poland's access to the sea | |
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| 1320 |
| | | Wladyslaw I is crowned king of Poland in Cracow, which he makes his capital city | |
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| 1333 |
| | | The long reign of Casimir III, known as the Great, is a time of prosperity and achievement in Poland | |
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| 1386 |
| | | Jadwiga, 12-year-old queen of Poland, marries Jogaila, her 34-year-old pagan neighbour - uniting the crowns of Poland and Lithuania | |
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| 1410 |
| | | The Poles defeat the Teutonic knights between Tannenberg and Grunwald, bringing the coastal strip around Gdansk into the Polish kingdom | |
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| 1458 |
| | | Matthias Corvinus begins a long reign which brings Moravia, Silesia and much of Austria within the Hungarian kingdom | |
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