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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The llama and the alpaca, two south American members of the camel family, are domesticated | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Complex societies, with sophisticated temple architecture, develop at sites such as Aspero and Caral in the Norte Chico region of Peru | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Medicine men in Peru practise trephination, cuttting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients | |
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| c. 900 BC |
| | | Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America | |
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| c. 300 BC - AD 100 |
| | | The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | The Mochica develop a civilization, in the north of modern Peru, known for its realistic pottery sculpture | |
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| c. 200 |
| | | The potato is cultivated in the Peruvian Andes | |
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| c. 700 |
| | | The quipu is used in the Wari culture and becomes the standard recording device of the Andean civilizations | |
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