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| c. 60 |
| | St Peter, believed to have come to Rome as leader of the Christian community, is subsequently considered the first pope | |
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| 525 |
| | Dionysius Exiguus, commissioned by the pope to improve chronology, makes an error of at least four years in his selected event for AD 1 | |
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| 592 |
| | Pope Gregory I negotiates with the Lombards who are threatening Rome | |
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| c. 750 |
| | With papal support Pepin III is elected king of the Franks, beginning the Carolingian dynasty (named from his father, Charles Martel) | |
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| 753 |
| | Pope Stephen II anoints Pepin III and his two sons (one of them Charlemagne) in the abbey church of St Denis | |
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| 756 |
| | Pepin III, after recovering Byzantine territories in Italy from the Lombards, hands control of the region to the pope in Rome | |
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| 800 |
| | In St Peter's in Rome, on Christmas Day, pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne emperor - supposedly to Charlemagne's surprise | |
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| 805 |
| | Pope Leo III consecrates Charlemagne's new palace chapel in Aachen, modelled on San Vitale in Ravenna | |
|  | Aachen Cathedral, Rotunda and Ambulatory Fotofile CG
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| 962 |
| | The imperial coronation of Otto I by Pope John XII in St Peter's puts in place the formal role of a Holy Roman emperor | |
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| c. 1001 |
| | Pope Sylvester II, according to tradition, sends a sacred crown for the coronation of Hungary's first king, St Stephen | |
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