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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | Enuma Elish, the Babylonian creation story, spreads in oral form | |
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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | Sacrificial hymns of the Aryans, gathered in the Rigveda, become the earliest Sanskrit literature | |
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| c. 750 BC |
| | | The Homeric texts, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are written down - probably in Ionia | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | The Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh is known in its complete form from texts in the library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | The poems of the Shi Jing, China's earliest work of literature, are gathered together | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | K'ung-fu-tzu, or Confucius, teaches a practical philosophy which will profoundly influence Chinese history | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | Parmenides is the first pure philosopher, using logic as a philosophical tool in his poem Nature | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Chinese philosophy of alternating opposites is expressed as yin and yang | |
|  | Yin and Yang
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| 484 BC |
| | | Aeschylus wins the prize for tragedy at the City Dionysia in Athens | |
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| 468 BC |
| | | Sophocles wins the prize for tragedy in Athens, defeating Aeschylus in the competition | |
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