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| c. 4.4 million years ago |
| | | Ardi, the earliest known individual of partially human type (or hominid), is of the species Ardipithecus, in the Awash valley region of Ethiopia | |
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| c. 3.2 million years ago |
| | | A female of the species Australopithecus Afarensis (nicknamed Lucy when her skeleton is found), lives in the Afar Depression in Ethiopia within 50 miles of where her predecessor Ardi was unearthed | |
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| c. 2.5 million years ago |
| | | The earliest known chipped stone tools are made by hominids at Gona, in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia, close to the region where Ardi and Lucy lived many millennia earler | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The rulers of Aksum, the first Ethiopian kingdom, claim descent from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba | |
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| c. 350 |
| | | Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop | |
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| 1329 |
| | | A friar, who has failed to find Prester John in the east, publishes a book proving that the fabulous king lives in Ethiopia | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Coffee, derived from wild plants in Ethiopia, is cultivated in Arabia | |
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| 1530 |
| | | Ahmad ibn Ibrahim leads Muslim Somalis in a holy war against Christian Ethiopia, destroying churches and shrines | |
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| 1855 |
| | | An Ethiopian baron usurps the throne and proclaims himself emperor, as Theodore II | |
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| 1885 |
| | | Italian troops occupy Eritrea, a province of Ethiopia | |
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