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| 1505 |
| | The Portuguese establish a presence in Sri Lanka, trading in the island's crop of cinammon | |
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| 1512 |
| | The Portuguese make treaties in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands), to trade in cloves and nutmeg | |
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| 1595 |
| | The first Dutch expedition round the Cape reaches Java and secures trading agreements | |
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| 1602 |
| | The Dutch East India Company is founded, with a tax-free monopoly of the eastern trade for twenty-one years | |
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| 1619 |
| | Jan Pieterszoon Coen destroys the town of Jakarta, on the coast of Java, and rebuilds it as a Dutch trading centre under the name Batavia | |
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| 1621 |
| | The Dutch West India Company is chartered to trade and found colonies anywhere along the entire American coast | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas) | |
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| 1626 |
| | Peter Minuit purchases the island of Manhattan from local Indians and calls the place New Amsterdam | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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| 1641 |
| | The Dutch expel the Portuguese from their trading posts in Malacca | |
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