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| c. 515 BC |
| | | The Persian emperor Darius I constructs a canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea | |
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| c. 610 |
| | | The Grand Canal is constructed in China, joining a network of existing waterways to link the Yangtze and Yellow rivers | |
|  | Grand Canal, China
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 950 |
| | | A Chinese engineer, Chiao Wei-yo, is credited with devising the principle of the two-level pound lock for canals | |
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| 1391 |
| | | Construction begins on a canal from Lübeck south to the Elbe, linking the Baltic and the North Sea | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | | The first modern lock gates are installed on a canal in Milan, probably designed by Leonardo da Vinci | |
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| 1642 |
| | | The Briare canal, joining the Seine to the Loire, has a staircase of six consecutive locks | |
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| 1681 |
| | | The Canal du Midi is completed in France, including at one point a 160-metre tunnel through high ground | |
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| c. 1720 |
| | | Canaletto begins to specialize in views of the Venetian canals, finding his main customers among the British | |
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| 1802 |
| | | A steam tug designed by William Symington, the Charlotte Dundas, goes into service on the Forth and Clyde canal | |
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| 1825 |
| | | Work begins on the 363-mile Erie Canal that will link the Hudson River to Lake Erie | |
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