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| c. 430 BC |
| | | Siddartha Gautama, a prince in Nepal, leaves home to become a wandering ascetic | |
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| c. 424 BC |
| | | Gautama Buddha preaches his first sermon, at Sarnath, setting out the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path | |
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| c. 424 BC |
| | | Gautama, after a night of meditation under a pipal tree at Buddh Gaya, is 'enlightened' and becomes the Buddha | |
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| c. 420 BC |
| | | Buddha introduces a vigorous tradition of monasticism, in the order of Buddhist monks known as Sangha | |
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| 272 BC |
| | | Asoka, a devotee of Buddhism, wins the Mauryan throne and establishes India's first empire | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Buddhism reaches Sri Lanka as a result of the missionary efforts of the Indian ruler, Asoka | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the earliest surviving Buddhist stupa | |
|  | Sanchi
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 100 |
| | | A naturalistic style of Buddhist sculpture develops in the Gandhara region, part of modern Pakistan | |
|  | Gandhara sculpture
Fotofile CG
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| c. 100 |
| | | Theravada Buddhism, strong in south India and Sri Lanka, travels with traders through southeast Asia | |
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