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| 1494 |
| | | In negotiations about the New World at Tordesillas, the king of Portugal insists on a new demarcation line which later brings him Brazil | |
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| 1500 |
| | | Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil | |
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| 1549 |
| | | Brazil becomes a Portuguese royal province, under the control of a governor general | |
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| 1549 |
| | | The first Portuguese governor general of Brazil selects Bahia (now Salvador) as his capital | |
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| 1693 |
| | | Gold is found in Brazil, launching the first great American gold rush | |
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| 1759 |
| | | The Portuguese expel the Jesuits from Brazil, beginning a widespread reaction against the order in Catholic Europe | |
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| 1763 |
| | | The capital of the Portuguese colony of Brazil is moved from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro | |
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| 1776 |
| | | Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata | |
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| 1788 |
| | | Tiradentes (the 'puller of teeth') leads the first rebellion against Portuguese rule in Brazil | |
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| 1792 |
| | | The Brazilian rebel Tiradentes is beheaded in public in Rio de Janeiro as a warning to would-be revolutionaries | |
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