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| | | French Empire timeline |
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| 1534 |
| | French explorer Jacques Cartier charts the Gulf of St Lawrence and, in 1525, explores up the river as far as Montreal | |
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| 1535 |
| | Cartier, welcomed by the Huron Indians, gives their island in the St Lawrence river the name of Montreal | |
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| 1608 |
| | Quebec is founded by Samuel de Champlain as a centre for the French fur trade | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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| 1638 |
| | The French build a trading station on the estuary of the Senegal river in west Africa | |
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| 1660 |
| | Louis XIV grants New France the status of a royal province and greatly increases the flow of colonists to north America | |
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