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| 1469 BC |
| | The Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III defeats his enemies at Megiddo, in history's first fully described battle and siege | |
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| c. 1275 BC |
| | An indecisve battle between the Hittites and the Egyptians, at Kadesh, stabilizes the frontier between the two empires | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | The Israelites are defeated by the Philistines on Mount Gilboa, with Saul and three of his sons dying during or after the battle | |
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| -853 BC |
| | Gindibu brings 1000 Arab warriors on camels to do battle at Karkar (the first known reference to Arabs as a distinct group) | |
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| 612 BC |
| | The Babylonians defeat an Egyptian army at Carchemish, but do not press on into Egypt | |
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| 490 BC |
| | The Persian fleet secures the Greek island of Euboea before making the short crossing to Marathon on the mainland – where they await the Greeks | |
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| 480 BC |
| | 300 Spartans, led by Leonidas, die attempting to hold the pass of Thermopylae against the advancing Persian army | |
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| 480 BC |
| | The Athenian fleet defeats a considerably larger Persian force in the narrow strait between Salamis and the mainland | |
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| 479 BC |
| | A Spartan army, led by Pausanias, wins a victory at Plataea, completing the rout of the Persians on the Greek mainland | |
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| 405 BC |
| | The last remaining Athenian fleet is surprised and destroyed by the Spartans in the Hellespont | |
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