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| | | | Weapons |
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| c. 15,000 years ago |
| | | The principle of the bow and arrow is developed, with yew or elm for the bow and points of flint on the arrows | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The treasures found in the royal cemetery at Ur include a depiction of soldiers in copper helmets, armed with battleaxes | |
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| c. 1800 BC |
| | | In Mesopotamia the new weapon is a light chariot, drawn by two horses | |
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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | The composite bow, accurate to 200 yards, is used by warriors in Asia fighting from chariots and on horseback | |
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| c. 1100 BC |
| | | The Phoenicians develop the war galley, with a sharp battering ram in the bow | |
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| c. -850 BC |
| | | The Assyrians develop the battering ram into a mobile and powerful siege engine | |
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| c. -800 BC |
| | | The Assyrian army makes good use of the new technology by which iron can be hardened into steel suitable for weapons | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The Macedonians develop the catapult as a siege engine for the armies of Philip II and Alexander the Great | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | The Roman siege technique is improved by the 'tortoise' which protects the attacking force | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Chinese develop the crossbow, many centuries before its use in Europe | |
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