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| | | | Politics |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Sumer develops as the first centre of Mesopotamian civilization | |
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| c. 3100 BC |
| | | Upper and Lower Egypt are unified into a single kingdom, inaugurating the first Egyptian dynasty | |
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| c. 2580 BC |
| | | Egypt enters the period known as the Old Kingdom, its first era of monumental architecture | |
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| c. 2350 BC |
| | | Sargon conquers the other Mesopotamian states and establishes a dynasty with a new capital at Akkad, close to modern Baghdad | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Mentuhotep II wins control of all Egypt, establishing the period known as the Middle Kingdom | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The centre of power in Egypt moves to the interior, with the capital at Thebes rather than Memphis | |
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| c. 1830 BC |
| | | Babylon is a tiny region, about 50 miles across, when Amorites establish there the first Babylonian dynasty | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | | Shamshi-Adad I conquers Ashur and the surrounding areas, beginning Assyria's first brief period as a regional power | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | | Zimri-Lim builds himself a spectacular palace with some 300 rooms in his capital city of Mari in northern Mesopotamia | |
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| c. 1740 BC |
| | | Shamshi-Adad I conquers the rich and ancient kingdom of Mari, and puts on the throne his son Yasmah-Adad | |
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