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| | | Philosophy |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | K'ung-fu-tzu, or Confucius, teaches a practical philosophy which will profoundly influence Chinese history | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | Parmenides is the first pure philosopher, using logic as a philosophical tool in his poem Nature | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | The Chinese philosophy of alternating opposites is expressed as yin and yang | |
| | Yin and Yang Fotofile CG
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| c. 450 BC |
| | The Sophists, professional philosophers, travel round Greece educating the sons of the rich | |
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| 423 BC |
| | Socrates is now sufficiently prominent to be satirized in Clouds, a comedy by Aristophanes | |
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| c. 400 BC |
| | Daodejing ('The Way and the Power') is the book of Daoism | |
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| 399 BC |
| | Socrates, convicted in Athens of impiety, is sentenced to death and drinks the hemlock | |
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| 387 BC |
| | Plato establishes a school in Akademeia, a suburb of Athens | |
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| c. 380 BC |
| | Central to Plato's philosophy is the theory that there are higher Forms of reality, of which our senses perceive only a transient shadow | |
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| 367 BC |
| | Aristotle, at the age of seventeen, comes to Athens to join Plato's academy | |
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