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| | | | Engineering |
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| c. 150,000 years ago |
| | | A possible second migration from Africa begins, involving at some time the ancestors of modern man, Homo sapiens sapiens | |
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| c. 515 BC |
| | | The Persian emperor Darius I constructs a canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The great network of roads built by Darius I has at its centre the 2000-mile royal road from Susa to Sardis | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | The first Roman road, the Via Appia, links Rome with Capua | |
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| 47 |
| | | Roman legions build the Fosse Way, a raised road with a ditch on each side stretching from Lincoln to Devon | |
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| c. 75 |
| | | Hero, a Greek scientist in Alexandria, devises various forms of steam engine | |
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| c. 105 |
| | | A bridge is built over the river Tagus at Alcántara and stands today as a fine example of Roman technology | |
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| 134 |
| | | The Sant'Angelo bridge in Rome, still standing today, is built for the emperor Hadrian by means of a coffer dam | |
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| c. 610 |
| | | The Grand Canal is constructed in China, joining a network of existing waterways to link the Yangtze and Yellow rivers | |
|  | Grand Canal, China
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 950 |
| | | A Chinese engineer, Chiao Wei-yo, is credited with devising the principle of the two-level pound lock for canals | |
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