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| | | | Spain |
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| c. 15,000 years ago |
| | | The walls of Altamira, an extensive cave in Spain, are decorated with paintings and engraved images of horses, deer and above all bison | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The cemetery at Los Millares in Spain contains more than 100 beehive tombs | |
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| c. 240 BC |
| | | Spain, with its mines of gold, silver and copper, is a hotly disputed region between Carthage and Rome | |
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| 228 BC |
| | | Hamilcar Barca dies fighting in Spain, after establishing a strong Carthaginian presence in the peninusula | |
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| c. 225 BC |
| | | A treaty defines the Ebro river as the Spanish boundary between Carthage and Rome | |
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| 221 BC |
| | | Hannibal succeeds to the command of the Carthaginian forces in Spain, on the death of his brother-in-law Hasdrubal | |
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| 201 BC |
| | | Carthaginian Spain is handed over to Rome to become two new provinces, at the end of the Second Punic War | |
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| c. 105 |
| | | A bridge is built over the river Tagus at Alcántara and stands today as a fine example of Roman technology | |
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| 406 |
| | | The Vandals cross the Rhine into Gaul and move into Spain, from which the Visigoths soon push them on into Africa | |
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| c. 550 |
| | | Most of Spain is by now in the hands of the Visigoths, though for a while the Byzantines win back territories in the south | |
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