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Music timeline
c. 1500 BC
A copper trumpet is in use in Egypt, forerunner of the brass instruments of the orchestra
c. 500 BC
The followers of Pythagoras discover the mathematical basis of the octave
c. 250 BC
The organ, using a mechanical device to pump air through a set of musical pipes, is invented in Alexandria by Ctesibius
c. 600
Ritual intoning of the psalms, derived from Jewish synagogues, is formalized in Christian worship as Gregorian chant
c. 1050
Polyphony brings new complexity of interweaving vocal lines, in the choral singing of abbey or cathedral
c. 1320
Philippe de Vitry, in his
Ars Nova
('New Art'), lays out the basis of musical notation
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