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| 1963 |
| | | Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space, flying solo in Vostok 6 | |
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| 1965 |
| | | Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov is the first to walk in space, moving round outside the Voshkod 2 spacecraft for more than ten minutes | |
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| 1966 |
| | | The Soviet spacecraft Luna 9 is the first to achieve a soft-landing on the moon and to send back photographic data from the surface | |
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| 1966 |
| | | The Soviet spacecraft Luna 10 orbits the moon and broadcasts the Internationale to the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party | |
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| 1967 |
| | | British research student Jocelyn Bell and her Cambridge supervisor Antony Hewish identify the first known pulsar | |
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| 1968 |
| | | Three US astronauts become the first humans to leave the earth's orbit, reaching the moon and going into its orbit in Apollo 8 | |
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| 1968 |
| | | The US astronauts in Apollo 8 are the first humans to see (and photograph) the sight of the earth rising above the moon's horizon | |
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| 1969 |
| | | Neil Armstrong, commander of the US space mission Apollo 11, sets foot on the moon and says: 'That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.' | |
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| 1971 |
| | | The Soviets put into orbit the first space station, Salyut 1, but the crew of three die on returning to earth | |
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| 1971 |
| | | In the Apollo 15 mission US astronauts David Scott and James Irwin drive the vehicle Rover-1 on the surface of the moon | |
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