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| 1949 |
| | | Eire is renamed the republic of Ireland and withdraws from the Commonwealth, severing the last link with the British crown | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Mao Zedong, standing on the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing, proclaims the new People's Republic of China | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Mao Zedong's long-standing ally Zhou Enlai heads both the home and foreign departments of the new republic | |
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| 1949 |
| | | The British government declares that northern Ireland will remain British unless the parliament in Stormont decides otherwise | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Robert Menzies returns as Australia's prime minister, and remains in the post for an unbroken sixteen years | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) sets up a new Republic of China in Taiwan, vowing to recapture the rest of the nation in due course | |
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| 1949 |
| | | The Dutch concede independence for Indonesia with Achmed Sukarno as president | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Batavia reverts to its original name of Jakarta and becomes the capital of Indonesia | |
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| 1949 May 25 |
| | | The Federal Republic of Germany is formed from the British, French and US zones of occupation | |
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| 1949 May 30 |
| | | The USSR grants nominal independence to east Germany as the newly established German Democratic Republic | |
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