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| 1919 |
| | The Swiss theologian Karl Barth publishes his influential Commentary on Romans, taking St Paul's epistle as his text | |
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| 1922 |
| | Ambrogio Ratti is elected pope and takes the name Pius XI | |
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| 1923 |
| | In I and Thou the Austrian theologian Martin Buber interprets religion in terms of the subjective experience of interpersonal relationships | |
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| 1929 |
| | The Lateran Treaty, between the Holy See and the state of Italy, establishes the Vatican City as a free state within the wider nation | |
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| 1933 |
| | J. Arthur Rank founds the Religious Film Society to make films in Britain that will bring people to Christianity | |
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| 1937 |
| | Pope Pius XI issues an encyclical, Mit Brennender Sorge, condemning the Nazi ideology of racism | |
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| 1937 |
| | Lutheran pastor Martin Niemöller is arrested for defying the Nazis and spends the next eight years in concentration camps | |
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| 1939 |
| | Eugenio Pacelli is elected pope and takes the name Pius XII | |
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| 1940 |
| | Roger Schutz establishes an ecumenical religious order at Taiz&eachute; in France | |
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| 1948 |
| | The World Council of Churches is established in Amsterdam – a significant step in the ecumenical movement | |
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