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| 1831 |
| | | Pedro I abdicates in Brazil and returns to Europe to recover his Portuguese throne (as Pedro IV) | |
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| 1833 |
| | | Britain ejects the Argentinians from the Falklands and begins the process of settlement with British farmers | |
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| 1833 |
| | | Antonio López de Santa Anna begins the first of five spells as president of Mexico | |
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| 1835 |
| | | Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes dictator of Argentina and imposes a brutally repressive conservative regime | |
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| 1838 |
| | | The Central American Federation splits into Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica | |
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| 1838 |
| | | Civil war breaks out in Uruguay between the Reds and the Whites, followers respectively of Rivera and Oribe | |
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| 1840 |
| | | The 14-year-old Dom Pedro, son of Pedro I, becomes emperor of Brazil as Pedro II | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The other half of Hispaniola joins Haiti in declaring independence, as the Dominican Republic | |
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| 1846 |
| | | President Polk sends a US army into Texas, provoking the Mexican-American War | |
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| 1848 |
| | | A treaty signed in Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending the Mexican-American War, gives the US six new states | |
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