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| c. 1480 |
| | | The name of Constantinople changes to Istanbul, a word based on the everyday Greek name for the city | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain | |
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| 1517 |
| | | The last Abbasid caliph, captured by the Ottoman Turks, is taken as a prisoner to Istanbul - ending the authentic line of 'successors' to Muhammad | |
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| 1557 |
| | | Sinan completes his masterpiece, the mosque of Suleiman I in Istanbul | |
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| 1571 |
| | | Spanish and Venetian galleys defeat the Turks in the battle of Lepanto | |
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| 1609 |
| | | The Blue Mosque, commissioned by Ahmed I, begins to rise in Istanbul like a twin to the nearby Santa Sophia | |
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| 1660 |
| | | On the first day of the new year Samuel Pepys gets up late, eats the remains of the turkey and begins his diary | |
|  | First page of Pepys's diary
Magdalene College, Cambridge
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| 1717 |
| | | Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, observing the Turkish practice of inoculation against smallpox, submits her infant son to the treatment | |
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| 1768 |
| | | A border incident at Balta, in the southern Ukraine, sparks a war between Russia and Turkey that will last six years | |
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| 1774 |
| | | In the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, ending the recent Russo-Turkish war, the Ottoman empire cedes the Crimea to Russia | |
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