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| 1496 |
| | Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances | |
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| 1516 |
| | The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain) | |
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| 1519 |
| | Charles V borrows 852,000 florins, mainly from the Fuggers, to bribe the seven imperial electors | |
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| 1547 |
| | Hungary is divided, by agreement between the Turkish sultan Suleiman I and the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand I | |
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| 1556 |
| | Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand | |
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| 1556 |
| | The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish | |
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| 1680 |
| | Feudal labour laws demanding corvée (compulsory unpaid labour) are imposed by the Habsburgs on the Czech peasants of Bohemia | |
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| 1683 |
| | The emperor, Leopold I, and his court abandon Vienna on the approach of a Turkish army | |
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| 1683 |
| | The Turks are driven from the walls of Vienna by the Polish king John Sobieski, in what proves a historic turning point | |
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| 1687 |
| | The Hungarian diet grants the Habsburg dynasty in Austria a hereditary right to the crown of St Stephen | |
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