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| 1139 |
| | | Victory over the Muslims at Ourique is seen as the moment of Portugal's independence from the kingdom of Leon | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Alfonso I takes Lisbon from the Muslims, with the unexpected help of some passing English crusaders | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Gilbert of Hastings, an English priest, becomes bishop of the recovered see of Lisbon - the first of many such links between England and Portugal | |
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| 1385 |
| | | The victory at Aljubarrota, securing the Portuguese throne for John I, is commemorated in the Dominican abbey called Batalha | |
|  | The abbey of Batalha
Fotofile CG
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| 1386 |
| | | John I, newly victorious in Portugal, proposes an alliance with England which has never been revoked | |
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| 1415 |
| | | A Portuguese prince, Henry the Navigator, becomes fascinated by exploration down the coast of Africa and commissions successive voyages | |
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| c. 1420 |
| | | The Portuguese, discovering the lush and uninhabited island of Madeira, send colonists to settle it | |
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| c. 1427 |
| | | A Portuguese captain, sailing for Henry the Navigator, chances upon the Azores | |
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| 1439 |
| | | Portuguese settlers are sent to the unoccupied islands of the Azores | |
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| 1446 |
| | | Portugal claims ownership of the region of Guinea, subsequently the centre of their slave trade on the west African coast | |
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