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| c. 25,000 years ago |
| | | A Stone Age sculptor shapes a timeless image of female fecundity in the famous Willendorf Venus | |
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| c. 3250 BC |
| | | A neolithic herdsman dies high in the Alps - and is perfectly preserved in ice | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | The swirling decorative lines of Celtic metalwork at Hallstatt begin a tradition which lives on in illuminated manuscripts and stone Celtic crosses | |
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| 976 |
| | | Leopold, of the Babenberg family, becomes margrave of Austria and founds a dynasty which lasts for three centuries | |
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| c. 1020 |
| | | Count Radbot builds himself a 'hawk's castle' or Habichstburg, near Zurich, from which the Habsburg dynasty takes its name | |
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| 1156 |
| | | Vienna is adopted by the Babenberg rulers as the capital city of Austria | |
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| 1192 |
| | | Richard I, returning from the Holy Land in disguise, is recognized in an inn near Vienna and is imprisoned until England pays a massive ransom | |
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| 1260 |
| | | The Bohemian prince Otakar II, ruler also of Austria, extends his territories after defeating the Hungarians at Kressenbrunn | |
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| 1273 |
| | | The period without a German king, known as the Great Interregnum, ends with the election of a Habsburg prince, Rudolf I | |
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| 1278 |
| | | At Dürnkrut Rudolf I defeats and kills Otakar II, his rival for Austria - thus bringing the Austrian territories into the Habsburg domain | |
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