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| 1259 |
| | | Nicola Pisano completes a pulpit for Pisa, borrowing details from Roman sarcophagi - an early example of a new interest in the classical past | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | | The Italian communes employ powerful leaders, or signori, in a trend which leads away from oligarchy and towards princely rule | |
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| c. 1300 |
| | | The bankers of northern Italy develop a method of accountancy - double-entry book-keeping - which will have lasting significance | |
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| 1302 |
| | | Dante, a member of the White faction in Florence, is sentenced to death by the Blacks - and never returns to his native city | |
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| c. 1305 |
| | | Enrico degli Scrovegni employs Giotto to paint the cycle of frescoes in his chapel in Padua | |
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| c. 1307 |
| | | Dante, in exile from Florence, begins work on The Divine Comedy - completing it just before his death, 14 years later | |
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| 1308 |
| | | The cathedral authorities in Siena commission from Duccio the great altarpiece which becomes known as the Maestà | |
|  | Duccio Crucifixion (detail)
Manchester City Museum and Art Gallery
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| 1309 |
| | | Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon, in a move which is expected to be temporary but which lasts for nearly seventy years | |
|  | Avignon
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1320 |
| | | Florence becomes a centre of international finance, with the Bardi and Peruzzi families acting as bankers to Europe's rulers | |
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| 1327 |
| | | Petrarch glimpses Laura in a church in Avignon and falls helplessly in love with her - or so he tells us | |
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