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| -86 BC |
| | | Sulla, campaigning to the east, besieges Athens and then allows his army to loot the city | |
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| 48 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar defeats his rival Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece, and makes himself master of the Roman world | |
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| 42 BC |
| | | Octavian and Mark Antony defeat the armies of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, after which Brutus and Cassius commit suicide | |
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| 31 BC |
| | | Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (both are at sea with their fleets) in a battle off the Greek coast at Actium | |
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| c. 50 |
| | | The Thessalonians receive the first of Paul's epistles - the earliest text in the New Testament, written in Greek | |
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| 66 |
| | | Nero comes to Athens to give some of his officially celebrated performances at the Greek games | |
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| 325 |
| | | Constantine executes Licinius in Thessalonica on a charge of attempted rebellion, a year after defeating him in battle | |
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| c. 350 |
| | | Greece begins to find a new and influential role in a Christian context, through the Byzantine empire | |
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| 393 |
| | | The ancient games at Olympia, with an unbroken tradition of more than 1000 years, are brought to an abrupt end by the emperor Theodosius | |
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| 529 |
| | | Justinian closes down the schools of Athens, famous for their tradition of pagan philosophy | |
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