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| 1095 |
| | | Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims | |
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| 1096 |
| | | Peter the Hermit, an old monk on a donkey, leads the largest of the popular groups from Germany on the first crusade | |
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| 1096 |
| | | The German crusade begins with a massacre of Jews in many of the region's cities | |
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| 1098 |
| | | After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| c. 1109 |
| | | The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa | |
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| 1113 |
| | | The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection | |
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| 1120 |
| | | The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem | |
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| 1144 |
| | | The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East | |
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| 1144 |
| | | The fall of Edessa prompts the pope, Eugenius III, to call for a second crusade to defend the Latin kingdom | |
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