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| c. 420 BC |
| | | Buddha introduces a vigorous tradition of monasticism, in the order of Buddhist monks known as Sangha | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Pachomius organizes in Egypt the first community of Christian monks, at Dandara on the Nile | |
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| c. 500 |
| | | Monks in Ireland live in stone beehive cells on rocky islands, to achieve maximum discomfort | |
|  | Beehive stone house, 6th century
Fotofile CG
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| c. 525 |
| | | St Benedict gathers fellow hermits at Subiaco into a series of small monasteries | |
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| c. 530 |
| | | St Benedict founds a monastery at Monte Cassino and writes a Rule for the monks which becomes the basis of the Benedictine order | |
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| 597 |
| | | Augustine, arriving with a party of monks from Rome, reaches Canterbury and is well received by the pagan king of Kent | |
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| c. 620 |
| | | The Irish monk St Aidan moves from Iona to establish a monastery on Lindisfarne | |
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| c. 698 |
| | | The Lindisfarne Gospels are written and illuminated by Celtic monks on the Scottish island of Lindisfarne | |
|  | Lindisfarne Gospels
British Library
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| 845 |
| | | On the orders of the T'ang emperor, 4000 monasteries are destroyed in China and 250,000 monks and nuns forced into secular life | |
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| 909 |
| | | Monastic reform, begun at Cluny, is so successful that more than 1000 Benedictine houses eventually follow the Cluniac example | |
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