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| 439 |
| | | Gaiseric captures Carthage and makes it his base for Vandal raids across the Mediterranean | |
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| 452 |
| | | Attila invades and ravages northern Italy, but turns back before reaching Rome - possibly influenced by the diplomacy of Leo I | |
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| 455 |
| | | Gaiseric and the Vandals enter Rome and sack the city, but their violence is perhaps restrained by Leo I | |
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| 487 |
| | | Theodoric the Ostrogoth, threatening Constantinople, is cunningly diverted by the emperor into invading Italy | |
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| 493 |
| | | Theodoric wins Ravenna from Odoacer - by inviting Odoacer to a banquet and murdering him during the meal | |
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| c. 535 |
| | | Belisarius, conquering the Vandals in north Africa, pioneers the strategic concept of the castle | |
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| 615 |
| | | When the Persians sack Jerusalem, they carry off to Ctesiphon Christianity's most sacred relic - the True Cross | |
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| 714 |
| | | The death of the Frankish 'mayor of the palace' Pepin II is followed by civil war between members of his family | |
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| 724 |
| | | The civil war among the Franks ends with complete victory for Charles Martel, an illegitimate grandson of Pepin II | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | The caliphs in Baghdad begin to employ Turkish slaves, or Mamelukes, in their armies | |
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