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| c. 100 |
| | | Mecca develops into a place of pilgrimage, with a famous collection of idols in the Ka'ba | |
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| c. 600 |
| | | The classic form of Arabic poetry, predating Islam, evolves as the qasidah | |
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| c. 613 |
| | | Muhammad begins preaching in Mecca the message of Allah, dictated to him by the archangel Gabriel | |
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| 622 |
| | | Muhammad departs from Mecca and settles in Medina, in the event known as the Hegira | |
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| 622 |
| | | The year of the Hegira (Muhammad's move from Mecca to Medina) becomes Anno Hegirae or AH1, the first year in Muslim chronology | |
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| 630 |
| | | Mecca becomes the holy city of Islam and soon all Arabia accepts the new religion | |
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| 632 |
| | | The death of Muhammad at Medina is followed by the election of the first caliph, Abu Bakr, a father-in-law of the prophet | |
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| 634 |
| | | Omar, another father-in-law of Muhammad, is elected as the second Muslim caliph (the word means 'sucessor to the Messenger of God') | |
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| 634 |
| | | Within two years of the death of Muhammad, the Arabs surge north into the Syrian desert | |
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| 638 |
| | | The Arab capture of Jerusalem brings Palestine and Syria under Muslim control | |
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