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| 176 BC |
| | | The Yuezhi, defeated by the Xiongnu, move west - before eventually descending into Bactria and northwest India | |
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| c. 100 BC |
| | | Hindu temple sculptors develop a sinuous and full-bodied style for the naked female form | |
|  | Khajurao
Fotofile CG
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the earliest surviving Buddhist stupa | |
|  | Sanchi
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | A doctrinal split emerges within Jainism over whether a devotee must go naked (sky clad) or may be allowed a simple robe (white clad) | |
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| c. 100 |
| | | A naturalistic style of Buddhist sculpture develops in the Gandhara region, part of modern Pakistan | |
|  | Gandhara sculpture
Fotofile CG
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| c. 100 |
| | | Theravada Buddhism, strong in south India and Sri Lanka, travels with traders through southeast Asia | |
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| c. 100 |
| | | Buddhism, arriving with trade along the Silk Road from India, puts down firm roots in China | |
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| c. 120 |
| | | Kanishka rules the Kushan empire of Afghanistan and northern India from his capital at Peshawar | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | The territory of the Gupta dynasty is extended by Chandra Gupta, to include most of the great plain of the Ganges | |
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| c. 380 |
| | | Kalidasa, the most distinguished of India's authors in classical Sanskrit, is at the Gupta court in Patna | |
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