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| c. 300 BC |
| | The Indian epic of romance and adventure, the Ramayana, is probably the work of a single author at about this time | |
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| 272 BC |
| | Asoka, a devotee of Buddhism, wins the Mauryan throne and establishes India's first empire | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | The digits known now as Arabic numerals make their first tentative appearance in India | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | Buddhism reaches Sri Lanka as a result of the missionary efforts of the Indian ruler, Asoka | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | Indian cavalrymen ride with their big toes in loops of leather or fabric - a first step towards the stirrup | |
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| 176 BC |
| | The Yuezhi, defeated by the Xiongnu, move west - before eventually descending into Bactria and northwest India | |
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| c. 100 BC |
| | Hindu temple sculptors develop a sinuous and full-bodied style for the naked female form | |
| | Khajurao Fotofile CG
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| c. 50 BC |
| | The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the earliest surviving Buddhist stupa | |
| | Sanchi Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 50 BC |
| | A doctrinal split emerges within Jainism over whether a devotee must go naked (sky clad) or may be allowed a simple robe (white clad) | |
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