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| 141 BC |
| | | Simon the Maccabee is appointed high priest of the Temple in Jerusalem, with the position declared hereditary in his family | |
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| c. 140 BC |
| | | The priestly Sadducees are confronted in the Sanhedrin by a new opposition party - the Pharisees | |
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| c. 100 BC |
| | | The Essenes, a Jewish sect, withdraw from secular life to form monastic communities in the desert | |
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| 63 BC |
| | | Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus, the chief priest of the Roman state religion | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | A body preserved in the tannin of Lindow Moss, an English peat bog, is probably a sacrificial victim of the Druids | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the earliest surviving Buddhist stupa | |
|  | Sanchi
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | A doctrinal split emerges within Jainism over whether a devotee must go naked (sky clad) or may be allowed a simple robe (white clad) | |
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| 20 BC |
| | | Herod the Great, king of Judaea, begins to build a spectacular new Temple for the Jews on the sacred mount in Jerusalem | |
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| c. 6 BC |
| | | According to the Gospel account, Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem two years before the death of Herod the Great - making the date 6 BC | |
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| 4 BC |
| | | Herod, according to the Gospel account, orders all newly born infants in Bethlehem to be killed | |
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